![]() ![]() The FAA created Category IIIc approaches but has yet to authorize them or certify any aircraft to make the approach that would allow a completely blind landing with 0 feet of runway visual distance required. A Category IIIa approach can have as low as a 50-foot decision height and down to a 700-foot RVR, while a Category IIIb allows an RVR down to just 300 feet. ![]() The Category III ILS with its three subclasses is more rarely used and comes with very low minimums. Pilots landing using a Category II ILS have a decision height minimum of not less than 100 feet and 1,800 to 1,200 feet RVR is required. A Category II ILS has additional equipment, facilities, and pilot training which are required since the minimums are lower. Some airlines and corporate flight departments are FAA authorized to use Category II instrument landing systems. Most Instrument Landing Systems are Category I with a decision height of no less than 200 feet and visibility minimums of one-half mile or 2,400 feet of runway visual range (RVR). There are three categories of Instrument Landing Systems, each with their own minimums. An inoperative glideslope transmitter means that pilots can still fly a non-precision localizer instrument approach. If the localizer is inoperative, the airfield is not authorized for ILS landings. Both the localizer and glideslope communicate with aircraft via radio beams and together they provide the navigational guidance that pilots need to safely land. They are aided by marker beacons and the approach lighting system (ALS). The two key physical components of the Instrument Landing System are the localizer and the glideslope. The FAA describes the ILS saying it provides aircraft with “precision vertical and horizontal navigation guidance information during approach and landing.” They also note that, “associated Marker Beacons and/or Low Power Distance Measuring Equipment (LPDME) identify distance to the runway.” How does an Instrument Landing System work? What is an Instrument Landing System?Īn instrument landing system is one of the primary landing navigation aids used by pilots flying under instrument flight rules (IFR). ![]() The ILS has been around and being used to help IFR pilots land for more than fifty years. Photodiodes can carry more current than a photon activated transistor False Rectifiers change AC voltage to DC voltage True Common-emitter circuits are characterized by high power gains False A sine wave is produced by generator when an conductor is rotated in a uniform electric field False Digital logic is based on the binary # system True All gates are amplifiers subject to output flucuation True The negative or gate is the same as the NOR gate False The relationship between frequency and wavelength is directly propoertional False Ground waves are useful for long distance transmisions True VHF communication radios range from 118MHz to 336.975MHz False The distance a carrier wave travels is directly related to the amplification of the signal sent to the antenna True Most radio transmitters generate an unstable oscillating frequency that is stabilized by a mixer False A transceiver is a communication radio that transmits and recieves True The strongest signals received align directly with the length of the antenna False The course of deviation indicator on an OBS is essentially vertical but moves right and left across graduations each representing 5degree of course deviation False The VOR circuitry is still active on an VOR/ILS receiver when the ILS localizer frequency is tuned in False DME distances are slant distances which is longer than ground distance True Transponder code 7700 is uded for hijack situations False A radio altimeter indicates altitude in MSL False The accuracy of GPS is within 20 meters horizontally and can be improved to 7.When you make the leap and decide to earn your instrument certification, one of the first new systems that your CFI will be introducing you to is the ILS, or instrument landing system. ![]()
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